1. Hitamo kasita y'inganda n'amapine
Intego yo gukoresha castor n'amapine yo mu nganda ni ukugabanya imbaraga z'abakozi no kunoza imikorere myiza y'akazi. Hitamo castor n'amapine yo mu nganda akwiye hakurikijwe uburyo bwo kuyakoresha, imiterere n'ibisabwa (uburyo bworoshye, kuzigama akazi, kuramba). Nyamuneka tekereza ku ngingo zikurikira: A. Uburemere bwo kwikorera: (1) Kubara uburemere bwo kwikorera: T=(E+Z)/M×N:
T＝uburemere buri wese yatwaye＝uburemere bw'imodoka itwara abantu Z＝uburemere bw'urwego rugendanwa rwa M＝ingano nziza y'uruziga rutwara imizigo
(ibintu bituma umwanya n'uburemere bitangana bikwiye kwitabwaho) (2) Ingano nziza y'uruziga (M) rutwara imizigo ni nk'uko bigaragara ku ishusho iri hepfo:
E＝uburemere bw'imodoka itwara abantu
Z＝uburemere bw'urwego rugendanwa rwa M＝Ingano nziza y'uruziga rufite umutwaro (ibintu bituma umwanya n'uburemere bikwirakwira mu buryo butaringaniye) (2) Ingano nziza y'uruziga rufite umutwaro (M) ni nk'uko bigaragara ku ishusho iri hepfo:
(3)Mu guhitamo ubushobozi bwo gutwara imizigo, banza urebe ukurikije ubushobozi bwo gutwara imizigo bw'icyuma gitera imizigo ku gice ntarengwa cyo gushyigikira. Ingingo zo gushyigikira icyuma zigaragara ku ishusho iri hepfo, aho P2 ari yo ngingo yo gushyigikira iremereye cyane. B. Koroherana
(4)(1) imashini ikora ibikoresho byo mu nganda n'amapine bigomba kuba byoroshye, byoroshye kandi biramba. Ibice bizenguruka (guhindura imashini, kuzunguruka kw'amapine) bigomba gukorwa mu bikoresho bifite ubushobozi buke bwo gukururana cyangwa ibikoresho byakusanyijwe nyuma yo gutunganywa byihariye (nk'ibyuma binini cyangwa kuzimya).
(5)(2) Uko tripod iba nini cyane, ni ko irushaho koroha, ariko uburemere bwayo butuma itwara imizigo buragabanuka.
(6)(3) Uko umurambararo w'uruziga uba munini, ni ko bisaba imbaraga nke kuwusunika, kandi ni ko ushobora kurinda ubutaka neza. Amapine manini azenguruka buhoro ugereranije n'amato, ntakunze gushyuha no kwangirika, kandi araramba cyane. Hitamo amapine afite umurambararo munini uko bishoboka kose mu gihe uburebure bwo gushyiraho bukwemerera.
(7)C. Umuvuduko wo kwimuka: Ibisabwa ku muvuduko wa Caster: Mu bushyuhe busanzwe, ku butaka bushashe, butarenze 4KM/H, kandi hamwe n'igihe runaka cyo kuruhuka.
(8)D. Gukoresha ibidukikije: Mu guhitamo, ibikoresho byo mu butaka, imbogamizi, ibisigazwa cyangwa ibidukikije byihariye (nk'ibyuzure by'icyuma, ubushyuhe bwinshi n'ubuke, aside na alkali, imikorere ya peteroli na chimique, n'ahantu hakenera amashanyarazi adahindagurika) bigomba kwitabwaho. Castor y'inganda n'amapine byakozwe mu bikoresho byihariye bigomba gutoranywa kugira ngo bikoreshwe mu bidukikije byihariye.
(9)E. Ingamba zo gushyiraho: Hejuru harambuye: Ahantu ho gushyiraho hagomba kuba harambuye, hakomeye kandi hagororotse, kandi ntabwo harekuye. Icyerekezo: Amapine abiri agomba kuba ari mu cyerekezo kimwe kandi ajyanye. Umugozi: Hagomba gushyirwaho utumashini two kumesa kugira ngo tudarekura.
(10)F. Imiterere y'imikorere y'ibikoresho by'amapine: Murakaza neza gusura ikigo cyacu cyangwa gusaba amakuru kuri kataloge.
Intangiriro ku isuzuma ry'imikorere y'umuvuduko w'inganda n'amapine
Igicuruzwa cyujuje ibisabwa kigomba gupimwa neza ubuziranenge n'imikorere mbere yo kuva mu ruganda. Ibi bikurikira ni intangiriro y'ubwoko butanu bw'ibizamini bikoreshwa n'ibigo ubu:
1. Ikizamini cy'imikorere yo kurwanya Mu gihe ugerageza ubu buryo, icyuma gishyushya kigomba kuguma cyumye kandi gisukuye. Shyira icyuma gishyushya ku isahani y'icyuma ifunze neza iva hasi, ukomeze gufatana n'uruziga rw'icyuma, hanyuma ushyiremo 5% kugeza 10% by'umutwaro wacyo usanzwe kuri icyuma gishyushya. Koresha icyuma gipima ubushobozi bwo kwirinda kugira ngo upime agaciro k'ubudahangarwa hagati y'icyuma gishyushya n'icyuma gishyushya.
2. Ikizamini cy'ingaruka Shyira icyo gikoresho gihagaze ku rubuga rwo gupima hasi, ku buryo ibiro 5 ku manywa bigwa neza uvuye ku burebure bwa mm 200, bigatuma uburebure bwa mm 3 bugera ku nkombe y'uruziga rw'icyo gikoresho. Niba hari amapine abiri, amapine yombi agomba gukubita icyarimwe.
3. Isuzuma ry’umutwaro uhoraho Isuzuma ry’umutwaro uhoraho rya castor n’amapine yo mu nganda ni ugushyiraho castor n’amapine yo mu nganda ku rubuga rw’icyuma rugororotse kandi rworoshye ukoresheje vis, gukoresha imbaraga za 800N hagati y’uburemere bwa castor n’amapine yo mu nganda mu gihe cy’amasaha 24, gukuraho imbaraga mu gihe cy’amasaha 24 no kugenzura imiterere ya castor n’amapine yo mu nganda. Nyuma y’isuzuma, guhinduka kwa castor n’amapine yo mu nganda bipimwa ntibirenga 3% by’umurambararo w’uruziga, kandi imikorere yo kuzunguruka, kuzenguruka ku murongo cyangwa feri ya castor n’amapine yo mu nganda nyuma y’uko ikizamini kirangiye ni yo yemewe.
4. Ikizamini cyo kwambara gisubiranye Ikizamini cyo kwambara gisubiranye cy’imashini zikora ku gikoresho cy’inganda ...
5. Ikizamini cyo kurwanya kuzenguruka no kuzenguruka
Ku ikizamini cyo kwirinda guhindagurika kw'ingufu, igipimo ngenderwaho ni ugushyiramo kasitasiyo eshatu z'inganda n'amapine ku gice cy'inyuma cy'amaboko atatu. Dukurikije urwego rw'ikizamini rutandukanye, umutwaro w'ikizamini wa 300/600/900N ushyirwa ku gice cy'ikizamini, kandi hashyirwaho uburyo bwo gukurura bugororotse kugira ngo kasitasiyo iri ku rubuga rw'ikizamini igende ku muvuduko wa 50mm/S kuri 10S. Kubera ko imbaraga zo gukururana ari nini kandi hakaba hari umuvuduko mu ntangiriro yo gukurura kasitasiyo, gukurura ku buryo butambitse bipimwa nyuma ya 5S y'ikizamini. Ingano ntirenga 15% by'umutwaro w'ikizamini ugomba gutsindirwa.
Ikizamini cyo kwirinda kuzenguruka ni ugushyiramo castor imwe cyangwa nyinshi z'inganda n'amapine kuri test ya linear cyangwa circular ku buryo icyerekezo cyazo ari 90° icyerekezo cyo gutwara. Dukurikije urwego rw'ibizamini bitandukanye, umutwaro w'ibizamini wa 100/200/300N ushyirwa kuri buri gikoresho. Shyira imbaraga zo gukurura zitambitse kugira ngo igikoresho cyo gukurura kiri ku rubuga rw'ibizamini kigende ku muvuduko wa 50mm/S hanyuma uzunguruke muri 2S. Andika imbaraga ntarengwa zo gukurura zituma igikoresho kizunguruka. Niba kitarenze 20% by'umutwaro w'ibizamini, kiba cyujuje ibisabwa.
Icyitonderwa: Ibicuruzwa byatsinze ibizamini byavuzwe haruguru kandi byujuje ibisabwa ni byo byonyine bishobora kumenyekana nk'ibicuruzwa byujuje ibisabwa, bishobora kugira uruhare runini mu nzego zitandukanye zo kubikoresha. Kubwibyo, buri mukinnyi agomba guha agaciro gakomeye umurongo wo gupima nyuma yo gukora.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Mutarama 13-2025
